Advanced Grammar in Use, Hewings M., 2002

Advanced Grammar in Use, Hewings M., 2002.

   The book is intended for more advanced students of English. It is written mainly as a self-study book, but might also be used in class with a teacher. It revises some of the more difficult points of grammar that you will have already studied - such as when to use the, a/an or no article, and when to use the past simple or the present perfect - but will also introduce you to many more features of English grammar appropriate to an advanced level of study.




Present perfect continuous (I have been doing).
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a situation or activity that started in the past and has been in progress for a period until now. Sometimes we use the present perfect continuous with expressions that indicate the time period (e.g. with since and for):
I’ve been meaning to phone Jack since I heard he was back in the country.
The competition has been running every year since 1980.
She's been living in New Zealand for over a year now.
People have been saying for ages that the building should be pulled down.

Without such an expression, the present perfect continuous refers to a recent situation or activity and focuses on its present results:
Look! It's been snowing.
’You’re looking well.' 'I've been playing a lot of squash to lose weight.'
Haven't seen anything of Rod for a while.' 'No, he’s been working in Germany.'

Contents.
Thanks.
To the student.
To the teacher.
Tenses.
1 Present simple (I do) and present continuous (I am doing) (1).
2 Present simple (I do) and present continuous (I am doing) (2).
3 Present perfect (I have done) and past simple (I did) (1).
4 Present perfect (I have done) and past simple (I did) (2).
5 Present perfect (I have done) and past simple (I did) (3): adverbs used with these tenses.
6 Past continuous (I was doing) and past simple (I did).
7 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing).
8 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) and present perfect (I have done).
9 Past perfect (I had done) and past simple (I did).
10 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing) and past perfect (I had done).
The future.
11 Will and going to; shall.
12 Present continuous (I am doing) for the future and going to.
13 Present simple (I do) for the future.
14 Future continuous (will be doing).
15 Be to + infinitive (I am to do), future perfect (I will have done), and future perfect continuous (I will have been doing).
16 The future seen from the past (was going to, etc.).
Modals.
17 Should and ought to.
18 Will and would: willingness, likelihood and certainty.
19 Will and would: habits; used to.
20 May, might, can and could: possibility (1).
21 May, might, can and could: possibility (2).
22 Can, could, and be able to: ability.
23 Must and have (got) to.
24 Need(n't), don't have to and mustn't.
25 Permission, offers, etc.
Be, have, do, make, etc.
26 Linking verbs: be, appear, seem; become, get, etc.
27 Have and have got; have and take.
28 Do and make.
Passives.
29 Forming passive sentences.
30 Using passives.
31 Verb + -ing or to-infinitive: passive forms.
32 Reporting with passive verbs.
Questions.
33 Forming questions; reporting questions.
34 Asking and answering negative questions.
35 Wh-questions with how, what, which and who.
Verbs: infinitives, -ing forms, etc.
36 Verbs with and without objects.
37 Verb + to-infinitive or bare infinitive.
38 Verb + to-infinitive or -ing?.
39 Verb + -ing.
40 Verb + wh-clause.
41 Have/get something done; want something done, etc.
42 Verb + two objects.
Reporting.
43 Reporting people's words and thoughts.
44 Reporting statements (1): that-clauses.
45 Reporting statements (2): verb tense in that-clauses.
46 Reporting statements (3): verb tense in the reporting clause; say and tell; etc.
47 Reporting offers, suggestions, orders, intentions, etc.
48 Should in that-clauses.
49 Modal verbs in reporting.
Nouns and compounds.
50 Countable and uncountable nouns.
51 Agreement between subject and verb (1).
52 Agreement between subject and verb (2).
53 The possessive form of nouns (Jane's mother).
54 Compound nouns (1).
55 Compound nouns (2).
Articles.
56 A/an and one.
57 The and a/an (1):'the only one'.
58 The and a/an (2): 'things already known', etc.
59 Some and zero article with plural and uncountable nouns.
60 The, zero article and a/an: 'things in general'.
61 People and places.
62 Holidays, times of the day, meals, etc.
Determiners and quantifiers.
63 Some and any; something, somebody, etc.
64 Much (of), many (of), a lot of, lots (of), etc.
65 All (of), the whole (of), both (of).
66 Each (of), every, and all.
67 No, none (of), and not any.
68 Few, a few (of), little, a little (of), etc.
69 Quantifiers with and without 'of (some/some of; any/any of; etc.).
Relative clauses and other types of clause.
70 Relative clauses (1) (The girl who I was talking about.).
71 Relative clauses (2) (Tom, who is only six, can speak three languages.).
72 Relative clauses (3): other relative pronouns.
73 Relative clauses (4): prepositions in relative clauses.
74 Participle clauses (-ing, -ed and being + -ed).
75 Participle clauses with adverbial meaning.
Pronouns, substitution and leaving out words.
76 Reflexive pronouns: herself, himself, themselves, etc.
77 One and ones (There's my car - the green one.).
78 So (I think so; so I hear).
79 Do so; such.
80 Leaving out words after auxiliary verbs.
81 Leaving out to-infinitives (She didn't want to (go).).
Adjectives.
82 Adjectives: position (1).
83 Gradable and ungradable adjectives; position (2).
84 Adjectives and adverbs.
85 Participle adjectives (the losing ticket; the selected winners).
86 Prepositions after adjectives: afraid of/for, etc.
87 Adjectives + that-clause or to-infinitive.
88 Comparison with adjectives (1): -er/more.; enough, sufficiently, too; etc.
89 Comparison with adjectives (2): as.as; so.as to; etc.
Adverbs and conjunctions.
90 Position of adverbs.
91 Adverbs of place, indefinite frequency, and time.
92 Degree adverbs: very, too, extremely, quite, etc.
93 Comment adverbs; viewpoint adverbs; focus adverbs.
94 Adverbial clauses of time (1): verb tense; before and until; hardly, etc.
95 Adverbial clauses of time (2): as, when and while.
96 Giving reasons: as, because, because of, etc.; for and with.
97 Purposes and results: in order to, so as to, etc.
98 Contrasts: although and though; even though/if; in spite of and despite.
99 Conditional sentences (1): verb tenses.
100 Conditional sentences (2).
101 If.not and unless; if and whether, etc.
102 After waiting., before leaving., besides owning., etc.
103 Connecting ideas between and within sentences.
Prepositions.
104 At, in and on: prepositions of place.
105 Across, along, over and through; above, over, below and under.
106 Between, among; by, beside, etc.
107 At, in and on: prepositions of time.
108 During, for, in, over, and throughout; by and until.
109 Except (for), besides, apart from and but for.
110 About and on; by and with.
111 Prepositions after verbs (1).
112 Prepositions after verbs (2).
113 Prepositions after verbs (3).
114 Two- and three-word verbs: word order.
Organising information.
115 There is, there was, etc.
116 It. (1).
117 It. (2).
118 Focusing: it-clauses and what-clauses.
119 Inversion (1).
120 Inversion (2).
Appendix 1 Passive verb forms.
Appendix 2 Quoting what people think or what they have said.
Appendix 3 Irregular verbs.
Appendix 4 Typical errors and corrections.
Glossary.
Additional exercises.
Study guide.
Key to exercises.
Key to Additional exercises.
Key to Study guide.
Index.



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