Python Graphics, A Reference for Creating 2D and 3D Images, Second Edition, Korites B., 2023

Python Graphics, A Reference for Creating 2D and 3D Images, Second Edition, Korites B., 2023.

   This book shows how to use Python’s built-in graphics primitives (points, lines, and arrows) to create simple or complex graphics for the visualization of two- and three-dimensional objects, data sets, and technical illustrations. It is intended for Python developers who want to build their own graphic images rather than be limited by functions available in existing Python libraries.
This book shows how to create virtually any 2D or 3D object or illustration. It also shows how to display images; use color; translate, rotate, shade, and add shadows that are cast on other objects; remove hidden lines; plot 2D and 3D data; fit lines, curves, and functions to data sets; display points of intersection between 2D and 3D objects; and create digital art.




2D Rotation.
So far in this chapter, you have seen how to construct images on a two-dimensional plane using points and lines. In this section, you'll learn how to rotate a two-dimensional planar object within its own plane. A 2D object that you might want to rotate could be a rectangle, for example, or something more complicated, which will normally consist of any number of points and lines. Lines, of course, are defined by their end points or a series of points if constructed from dots. As you have seen, curves can also be constructed from line segments or dots. If you can determine how to rotate a point, you will then be able to rotate any planar object defined by points. In Chapter 3, you will extend these concepts to the rotation of three-dimensional objects around three coordinate directions.

Figure 2-14 shows three coordinate systems: the blue xg,yg system is the global coordinate system. Its numerical size and the location of the global origin (xg=0, yg=0) are defined by the values in the pit.axis([x1,x2,y1,y2]) statement. This is the system you use when plotting. All plotting coordinates should relate to this system. For example, if writing pit.scatter(xg,yg), xg and yg should be relative to the blue xg,yg system as shown.

Content.
About the Author.
About the Technical Reviewer.
Acknowledgments.
Introduction.
Chapter 1: Python Essential Commands and Functions.
Programming Style.
The Plotting Area.
Establishing the Size of the Plotting Area.
Importing Plotting Commands.
Displaying the Plotting Area.
The Plotting Grid.
Saving a Plot.
Grid Color.
Tick Marks.
Custom Grid Lines.
Labelling the Axes.
The Plot Title.
Colors.
Color Mixing.
Color Intensity.
Overplotting.
Background Color.
The Plotting Area Shape.
How to Correct Shape Distortions.
Applying a Scale Factor When Plotting.
The Best Way: Scaling the Axes in plt.axis( ).
Coordinating Axes.
Commonly Used Plotting Commands and Functions.
Points and Dots Using scatter( ).
Lines Using plot( ).
Arrows.
Text.
Lists, Tuples, and Arrays.
arange( ).
range( ).
Summary.
Chapter 2: Graphics in Two Dimensions.
Lines from Dots.
Dot Art.
Circular Arcs from Dots.
Circular Arcs from Line Segments.
Circles.
Dot Discs.
Ellipses.
2 D Translation.
2 D Rotation.
Summary.
Chapter 3: Graphics in Three Dimensions.
The Three-Dimensional Coordinate System.
Projections onto the Coordinate Planes.
Rotation Around the y Direction.
Rotation Around the x Direction.
Rotation Around the z Direction.
Separate Rotations Around the Coordinate Directions.
Sequential Rotations Around the Coordinate Directions.
Matrix Concatenation.
Keyboard Data Entry with Functional Program Structure.
Summary.
Chapter 4: Perspective.
Summary.
Chapter 5: Intersections.
Line Intersecting a Rectangular Plane.
Line Intersecting a Triangular Plane.
Line Intersecting a Circle.
Line Intersecting a Circular Sector.
Line Intersecting a Sphere.
Plane Intersecting a Sphere.
Summary.
Chapter 6: Hidden Line Removal.
Box.
Pyramid.
Planes.
Sphere.
Summary.
Chapter 7: Shading.
Shading a Box.
Shading a Sphere.
Summary.
Chapter 8: 2D Data Plotting.
Linear Regression.
Function Fitting.
Splines.
Summary.
Chapter 9: 3D Data Plotting.
3 D Surfaces.
3 D Surface Shading.
Summary.
Chapter 10: Demonstration Saturn.
Saturn.
Summary.
Chapter 11: Electrons, Photons and Hydrogen.
Summary.
Chapter 12: Demonstration: The Sun.
The Earth-Sun Model.
Facts About the Sun.
Photons and the Sun.
Max Planck’s Black Body Radiation.
The Sun’s Total Power Output.
Earth’s Irradiance.
Summary.
Chapter 13: Climate Change.
Climate Cooling.
Albedo.
Sunspots.
Aerosols.
Volcanoes.
Climate Warming.
Measuring Climate Data.
The Piston Corer.
The Global Energy Balance.
The Rising Oceans.
The Global Climate Model.
Summary.
Chapter 14: Population Dynamics.
Sequential Growth.
Plants.
Insects.
Whales.
Summary.
Chapter 15: Resource Management.
Program LG: Logistic Growth with No Harvesting.
Program CHR: Logistic Growth with Constant Rate Harvesting.
Summary.
Chapter 16: Ecological Diversity and Butterflies.
Summary.
Appendix A: Where to Get Python.
Appendix B: Planck’s Radiation Law and the Stefan-Boltzmann Equation.
Appendix C: Graphics and Math Functions Commonly Used in Graphics Programming with Examples.
Appendix D: Setting up the Plotting Axes with plt.axis().
Index.



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