Nanotechnology and Neuroscience Nano electronic Photonic and Mechanical Neuronal Interfacing, De Vittorio M., Martiradonna L., 2014

Nanotechnology and Neuroscience Nano electronic Photonic and Mechanical Neuronal Interfacing, De Vittorio M., Martiradonna L., 2014.

   This book provides an overview of the different ways in which the “nano-world” can be benefi cial for neuroscientists. The volume encompasses the latest developments in the fi eld of micro- and nanotechnology applied to neuroscience, discussing technological approaches applied to both in vitro and in vivo experiments. A variety of different nanotechnologies are presented that include nanostructured electrodes and their electrical, mechanical, and biochemical properties, active and passive 2D and 3D multielectrode arrays (MEAs), nanoscale transistors for subcellular recordings, and an overview on methods, tools, and applications in optogenetics.




Neuronal Adhesion to Rough Surfaces.
In the previous section, we alluded to two mechanical–neuronal mechanisms which ultimately contribute to strong neuronal adhesion to rough surfaces. The fi rst is the capacity of neuronal processes to extend, or be guided, along elongated structures, and the second is the capacity of the same processes to apply a tension force, allowing them, and the cell soma, to have improved mechanical anchoring.

Elongation and tension are apparently two contradicting mechanisms. Yet, careful investigations have revealed that the two can coexist in concert: An axon can continually extend in length owing to buildup of internal pressure through its microtubule core. At the same time, the same elongation can cause stress buildup. In addition to a passive process of tension buildup due to axonal elongation, active actin–myosin interaction can generate internal tension directed towards axonal shortening. Using CNT islands as anchor points and locust neurons as a model system, it was recently shown how these two processes work together to allow axonal development and consolidation (Fig. 1.1 ). When neurites grow, they constantly sprout new segments which keep elongating as long as they can secure their adhesion to the surface. When this adhesion is overtaken by tension buildup, processes lose their adhesion to the surface and quickly consolidate into the parent process.

Contents.
1 Carbon Nanotubes for Neuron–Electrode Interface with Improved Mechanical Performance.
David Rand and Yael Hanein.
2 Nanoscale Field-Effect Transistors for Minimally Invasive, High Spatial Resolution, and Three-Dimensional Action Potential Recording.
Xiaojie Duan.
3 In-Cell Recording and Stimulation by Engulfment Mechanisms.
Aviad Hai.
4 Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons.
Takashi D. Y. Kozai, Nicolas A. Alba, Huanan Zhang, Nicolas A. Kotov, Robert A. Gaunt, and Xinyan Tracy Cui
5 Micromachining Techniques for Realization of Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Arrays.
Swaminathan Rajaraman.
6 Focused Ion Beam Technology as a Fabrication and Inspection Tool in Neuron Interfacing.
Leonardo Sileo, Ferruccio Pisanello, Luigi Martiradonna, and Massimo De Vittorio
7 Active Pixel Sensor Multielectrode Array for High Spatiotemporal Resolution.
L. Berdondini, A. Bosca, T. Nieus, and A. Maccione.
8 Multielectrode and Multitransistor Arrays for In Vivo Recording.
Stefano Vassanelli.
9 Optogenetics.
Allison Quach, Nicholas James, and Xue Han Index.



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Теги: учебник по нанотехнологии :: нанотехнология :: De Vittorio :: Martiradonna