Английский язык для архитекторов, Ивянская И.С., 2014

Английский язык для архитекторов, Ивянская И.С., 2014.
 
   Учебник разработан в соответствии с программой по иностранному языку для неязыковых вузов.
Учебник состоит из девяти тематических разделов и включает много пояснительных иллюстраций и упражнений. В приложении находятся дополнительные тексты, грамматический справочник и словари по тематике «Архитектура» и «Градостроительство».
Учебник предназначен для студентов высших учебных заведений, занимающихся подготовкой бакалавров и магистров по направлениям «Архитектура» и «Градостроительство». Он может быть использован для самостоятельного усовершенствования уровня знаний в профессиональной сфере и может быть полезен для архитекторов и строителей и всех, интересующихся архитектурой.




HISTORY OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW.
Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation, is situated in the centre of the European part of the country. It takes its name from the River Moskva, on whose both banks it was built.

The name of Moscow appeared in the Russian chronicles for the first time in 1147. The Grand Prince Yuiy Dolgoruky founded the city of Moscow. For more than a century Moscow remained an unimportant village of the Suzdal Principality. In 1272 it became a small principality when Daniel, Alexander Nevsky’s son, became the Moscow prince. Daniel increased his appanage (udel) by the addition of Kolomna, and thus became the founder of Muscovite Russia.
Under Ivan Danilovich Kalita (1328 — 40) Vladimir became united with Moscow and in 1328 Kalita obtained from the Tatars the title of Grand Prince.

Under Ivan III, in 1480, central Russia was finally freed from the Tatar domination, but it was Ivan the Terrible who* completed the task of liberation by his conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan in 1552 and 1556.
In 1713 Peter I transferred the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg but in 1918 Moscow became the capital of the country again.

Old Moscow was divided into four parts: 1) the Kremlin* or the fortress, 2) Kitai-gorod, the chief centre of trade, situated between the Kremlin and the White-Town, 3) Bely-Gorod or White Town, which took its name from the white wall which surrounded it (it was built in 1587), 4) Zemlanoi-Gorod or Earth-Town, which surrounded the three others and was enclosed by a rampart of earth.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ.
СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ.
UNIT О ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION.
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA.
MOSCOW ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE (STATE ACADEMY.
WORDS (ENGLISH-RUSSIAN).
САОВАРЬ РУССКО-АНГАИЙСКИЙ.
UNIT I MOSCOW.
1. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW.
2. CATHEDRAL OF THE ASSUMPTION (USPENSKY).
3. CATHEDRAL OF THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL AND CATHEDRAL OF THE ANNUNCIATION.
TEXT A. CATHEDRAL OF THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL.
TEXT B. CATHEDRAL OF THE ANNUNCIATION BLAGOVESHCHENSKY.
4. BOLSHOI THEATRE AND CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST THE SAVIOUR.
TEXT A. BOLSHOI THEATRE.
TEXT B. CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST THE SAVIOUR.
5. MOSCOW METRO.
6. ZUYEV CLUB AND CENTROSOYUZ BUILDING.
TEXT A. ZUYEV CLUB.
TEXT B. CENTROSOYUZ BUILDING.
7. MOSCOW UNIVERSITY AND "PUSHKINSKY CINEMA".
TEXT A. MOSCOW UNIVERSITY.
TEXT B. "PUSHKINSKY" ("ROSSIYA") CINEMA.
UNIT II LONDON.
1. HISTORY OF LONDON.
2. WESTMINSTER.
TEXT A. WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
TEXT B. WESTMINSTER PALACE WITH
THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.
3. TOWER AND PALACES.
TEXT A. TOWER OF LONDON.
TEXTS B. WHITEHALL PALACE, ST. JAMES'S PALACE, BUCKINGHAM PALACE.
4. ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.
5. TRAFALGAR SQUARE AND HYDE PARK CORNER.
TEXT A. TRAFALGAR SQUARE.
TEXT B. HYDE PARK CORNER.
6. LONDON BRIDGES AND PARKS.
TEXTS A. LONDON BRIDGES, LONDON BRIDGE, TOWER BRIDGE.
TEXT B. LONDON PARKS.
UNIT III BUILDING MATERIALS, STRUCTURES A N D PARTS OF BU ILDINGS.
1. BUILDING MATERIALS.
TEXT A. BUILDING MATERIALS (PART 1).
TEXT B. BUILDING MATERIALS (PART 2).
2. STRUCTURE.
TEXT A. ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS.
TEXT B. WALLS.
3. PILLARS AND COVERING.
TEXT A. COLUMNS AND PILLARS.
TEXT B. COVERING.
4. ARCHES.
TEXT A. ROMAN ARCHES.
TEXT В.
5. VAULTS.
6. FOUNDATIONS AND OPENINGS.
TEXTS A. FOUNDATIONS, DOORS.
TEXT B. WINDOWS.
UNIT IV ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE (GREEK ANDROMAN).
1. GREEK ARCHITECTURE.
TEXTS A. ORDERS.
TEXT A. A. ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. B. DORIC ORDER.
TEXT A. C. IONIC ORDER.
TEXTS A. D. CORINTHIAN ORDER, TUSCAN ORDER, COMPOSITE ORDER.
TEXTS B. TEMPLES.
TEXT B. A. PARTHENON.
TEXT В. B. ERECHTHEION.
2. ROMAN ARCHITECTIRE.
TEXTS A. DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE.
PART 1.
PART II.
TEXT B. ROMAN TEMPLES.
TEXT C. PANTHEON.
UNIT V EUROPEAN STYLES.
1. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. ROMANESQUE.
TEXT В. DURHAM CATHEDRAL.
2. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. GOTHIC STYLE.
TEXT B. ELY CATHEDRAL.
TEXT C.
3. RENAISSANCE.
TEXT A. RENAISSANCE STYLE.
TEXT B. PALAZZO PITTI.
TEXT C. PALAZZO STROZZI.
4. BAROQUE.
TEXT A. BAROQUE STYLE.
TEXTS B. MOSCOW BAROQUE, CHURCH OF THE INTERCESSION AT FILI.
5. CLASSICISM AND PASHKOV MANSION.
TEXT A. CLASSICISM.
TEXT B. PASHKOV HOUSE.
6. ROCOCO.
TEXT A. ROCOCO STYLE.
TEXT B. APRAKSIN FAMILY MANSION.
7. ART NOUVEAU.
TEXT A. ART NOUVEAU.
TEXT B. RYABUSHINSKY'S HOUSE.
UNIT VI FACTORS, TYPES OF BUILDINGS AND CENTRES OF POPULATION.
1. FACTORS INFLUENCING ARCHITECTURE.
TEXTS A. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND CLIMATE, BUILDING MATERIALS.
TEXTS B. TECHNICAL PROGRESS, CUSTOMS AND MORALS, REQUREMENTS AND PUBLIC POSITION OF THE OWNER.
2. TYPES OF BUILDINGS.
PART 1.
PART II.
3. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
TEXT A. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
TEXT B. TYPES OF HOUSES.
TEXT C. TYPES OF HOUSES (CONTINUATION).
TEXT D. STRUCTURE OF HOUSES.
TEXT E. BLOCKS OF FLATS.
4. TYPES OF CENTRES OF POPULATION.
TEXT A. TOWN.
TEXT B. TYPES OF TOWNS ACCORDING TO THEIR PLANS.
TEXT C. PLANS OF SOME CITIES.
UNIT VII FAMOUS ARCHITECTS.
1. BAZHENOV AND TSARITSYNO.
TEXT A. VASILY IVANOVICH BAZHENOV.
TEXT B. TSARITSYNO.
2. KAZAKOV AND PETROVSKY PALACE.
TEXT A. MATVEY FYODOROVICH KAZAKOV.
TEXT B. PETROVSKY PALACE.
3. ZHOLTOVSKY.
4. SHCHUSEV.
5. LE CORBUSIER.
TEXT A. CHARLES-HDOUARD JEANNERET.
TEXT B. UNITES D'HABITATION.
6. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT AND THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM.
7. NORMAN FOSTER.
TEXT A.
TEXT B. FOSTER IN THE CITY OF LONDON.
TEXT C. THE REICHSTAG, BERLIN.
TEXT D. THE PRESENT DAY.
UNIT VIII LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, ECOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE, ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE.
1. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT B. PARKS AND GARDENS.
TEXT C. ENGLISH GARDEN.
2. ECOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. ECOLOGY.
TEXT B. SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.
3. ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT A. EFFICIENT ENERGY USE. PART 1.
TEXT B. EFFICIENT ENERGY USE. PART II.
UNIT IX ADDITIONAL TEXTS.
TO UNIT I. MOSCOW.
TEXT A. THE CATHEDRAL OF THE INTERCESSION OF THE VIRGIN ON THE MOAT.
TEXT B. 1. KOЛOMEHCKOE. ДЕРЕВЯННЫЙ ДВОРЕЦ.
TEXT В. 2. KOLOMENSKOYE. THE ASCENSION CHURCH.
TO UNIT II. LONDON.
TO UNIT II. 6. LONDON BRIDGES.
TO UNIT III. BUILDING MATERIALS, STRUCTURES AND PARTS OF BUILDINGS.
TO UNIT III. 1. BUIDING MATERIALS.
TEXT A. THE BUILDERS' MATERIALS AND TOOLS.
TEXT B. CYCLOPEAN MASONRY.
TO UNIT III. 2. STRUCTURE.
TEXT A. RUSSIAN WOODEN STRUCTURES.
TEXT B. RUSSIAN WOODEN ROOFING.
TEXT С. САМЦОВАЯ КРЫША.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ.
ТАБЛИЦА ВАЖНЕЙШИХ НЕСТАНДАРТНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ.
ТАБЛИЦА ВРЕМЕН.
ОБЩИЕ ПРАВИЛА ОРФОГРАФИИ И ЧТЕНИЯ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИХ ОКОНЧАНИЙ.
ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.
ALPHABETIC ENGLISH RUSSIAN VOCABULARY.
THEMATIC ENGLISH-RUSSIAN VOCABULARY.
HOUSING.
ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АЛФАВИТНЫЙ РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ.
ЖИЛЬЕ.
THEMATIC ALPHABETICAL ENGLISH-RUSSIAN VOCABULARY.
GREEK ARCHITECTURAL TERMS.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURAL TERMS.
АЛФАВИТНЫЙ РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ ТЕРМИНОВ ПО РУССКОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЕ.
АЛФАВИТНЫЙ РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ.



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